Central Europe 1300-50
Thanks folks. I'll post two maps during this century (of the TL, not IRL
).
And here's the next installment:
Central Europe (HRE, Italy, Scandinavia, Poland, Hungary) 1300-50
First a retcon: In 1291, it's not Otto IV of Brandenburg who's elected German king, but the Upper Bavarian duke Ludwig II (Ludwig IV as king). Ludwig dies as early as 1295 (one year later than OTL), but meanwhile something important has happened: After the death of Rudolf of Habsburg, his lands in SW Germany were divided between his sons Albrecht (same as OTL) and Rudolf (not the same as OTL) - quite dangerous, since the lands of the Habsburgs are already smaller, but the younger son insisted that he gets his share. In 1294, the Habsburgs try to annex the Swiss Confederation, but are defeated at Morgarten, and the king (who's been in competition with the Meinhardiner in Tyrol, relatives of the Habsburgs) rather supports the Swiss. In 1295 king Ludwig dies, and now Otto of Brandenburg is elected, becoming king Otto V.
1301: Poland feels threatened by the Germans and the Przemyslids. The king tries to fight them to break free, so a coalition of the Teutonic Order, Bohemia, Moravia and the HRE under king Otto IV of Brandenburg forms against him. Andras III, last Arpad king of Hungary, dies. This leads to a difficult situation in Hungary.
1308: The war between Germans and Poles doesn't end in the latter's favor. The Teutonic Order acquires Pommerellen (OTL West Prussia, the Poles also call it Eastern Pomerania), Silesia becomes a German fief; the western third goes to Brandenburg, which already acquired the Lower Lausitz / Lusatia, the rest is divided between the two Przemyslid lands, Bohemia and Moravia.
1309: King Otto of the HRE dies,
Heinrich VII. of Luxemburg (same as OTL) becomes new king. He manages to be crowned as Holy Roman Emperor by the pope in 1312, becoming the first emperor since Friedrich II. Popes move to Avignon.
1310: Luzern and Zug join the Swiss. Polish king Boleslaw V toppled by discontent nobles, who elect Kazimierz III new king.
1313: Kazimierz III makes an "everlasting alliance" with the (in many ways still independent) rulers of Mazovia.
1314–16:
Sedisvacancy - no pope elected.
1315:
Great famine in Europe.
1320:
Heinrich VII dies (later than IOTL), duke Ottokar (yes, he was named after Ottokar Przemysl) of Upper Bavaria and the Palatinate is elected new king.
1321: Some of the electors in Germany are not happy, and elect Waldemar of Brandenburg anti-king.
1326:
Use of cannons in Europe first mentioned in a Florentine document. Christoffer II of Denmark kicked out after he wants to tax the nobles and the church; now Gerhard III of Holstein effectively rules the country.
1328: Waldemar of Brandenburg defeated at Ansbach by Ottokar. Brandenburg loses its influence in Pomerania.
1330: Pope Johannes (John) XXII bans king Ottokar.
1331: Gerhard III of Holstein (the strong man in Denmark) marries countess Margarethe of Holland, Zeeland and Hennegau (in Wallonia).
1333-36: Ottokar goes to Italy, is crowned Emperor in Rome - not by the pope, but by the head of the mighty Colonna family! Still being banned, he declares Johannes to be deposed and appoints an anti-pope, a certain Innocent IV.
1334: Zürich, Glarus and Bern join the Swiss.
1335: Heinrich of Tyrol dies without male heirs; Tyrol will fall to the house of Luxemburg, via his daughter who married into this house.
1336: Intrafamilial contract of the Przemyslids: King Otakar of Bohemia gets Moravia and all of Silesia, while Wenzel of Carinthia acquires Austria. He now governs all the German-speaking lands. Note that despite of their Czech name, the family of the Przemyslids is already more German than Czech, due to cultural influence and marriages with Germans.
Uprising in Flanders against unpopular count Ludwig II under brewer Jakob van Artevelde.
1339:
Venice starts expanding on the terra firma.
1340:
Due to different developments, the Lower Bavarian line of the Wittelsbachs continues. Bavaria stays split.
1342:
Clemens VI. elected pope. He's the last pope from OTL.
1346:
Great famine in Europe.
1347:
Black Death does not hit Europe. From now on, there's not much this Europe have in common with that of OTL. Overpopulated Europe suffers under population pressure. Some states less than others - England, Poland and Scandinavia still have a low population and can rather afford to grow; Germans go to the East, Hungarians to Romania, Spanish and Portuguese kick out the Moors and settle in their places - but France and Italy suffer much.
Holy Roman kings and emperors:
Ottokar I of Moravia and Carinthia 1273-86
Rudolf of Habsburg 1286-91
Ludwig IV of Bavaria 1291-95
Otto IV of Brandenburg 1295-1309
Heinrich VII of Luxemburg 1309-20 (emperor since 1312)
(from here on, there are no more historical kings)
Ottokar II of Bavaria (*1280) 1321-47 (emperor since 1334)
Waldemar of Brandenburg 1321-28 (anti-king)
Karl IV of Luxemburg 1347-
Kings of Poland:
Henryk II the Pious 1253-66
Henryk III 1266-87
Henryk IV 1287-95
Boleslaw V 1295-1310
Kazimierz III 1310-31
Wladyslaw IV 1331-
Kings of Hungary:
Bela IV 1235-70
Istvan V 1270-72
Laszlo IV 1272-1290
Andras III 1290-1301
Otto 1301-04
Louis / Lajos I 1304-22
Charles / Károly I 1322-49
Louis / Lajos II 1349-
Kings of Naples:
Charles / Carlo II 1285-1309
Robert / Roberto the Wise 1309-43
Charles / Carlo III (*1299) 1343-
Kings of Bohemia:
(till 1336, also dukes of Austria; since then, dukes of Moravia instead)
Vladislav 1253-55
Vaclav II 1255-1322
Otakar (*1282) 1322-
Dukes of Carinthia:
(until 1269, only of Moravia; till 1336, of Carinthia and Moravia; since then, of Carinthia and Austria)
Otakar 1253-86
Heinrich (*1261) 1286-1326
Wenzel (*1284) 1326-
Kings of Denmark:
Christoffer II 1320-26
Heinrich / Henrik 1326-30
Christoffer II 1330-32
Erik VII 1332-
Kings of Norway:
Håkon V Magnusson 1299-1319
Magnus VII Eriksson 1319-
Kings of Sweden:
Birger Magnusson 1290-1319
Magnus VII Eriksson 1319-
(Yes, it's the same king as in Norway. No, I'm not sure whether he's the same as IOTL.)
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