Why the Chinese play cricket (an Imperial Federation timeline)

December 1905: To investigate the potential use of motor vehicles in war the British Army form the Experimental Motor Force. Consisting of two forty five man motor infantry platoons each to be transported by six Leyland lorries and a single 15 man troop of motor cavalry with five Rolls Royce cars armed with a single Maxim gun along with a ten strong command detachment in three further cars, the force is intended to operate for a year of extensive trials to determine if motorisation of some units is a viable proposition.
Hmm earlier development of mechanized forces is going to be a major bonus though given the cost and issues and the British army being usually strapped for cash I have to wonder what prompted it adding to this there is technical issues as well? Though before anything I imagine they would look into the logistic uses of trucks and cars before a combat role, the great war did a video on this it should help some what.

 
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I assume federal party gaining power is good for uniting the empire?
I would think it’s mostly good for keeping Ireland within the empire, but it does show a larger positive attitude towards the empire (hard to find in Ireland ofc) so it def means good things for other nations
 
Jan-March 1906: Three for three
~Jan-March 1906: Three for three

January 1906: Despite the upcoming Algeciras Conference to resolve the Tangier Crisis, the situation has continued to worsen, with war now appearing imminent. The German strategy is to offer the French more than they demand and use this to undermine their growing relationship with Britain, while using the Russians recent defeat by the Japanese and ongoing domestic unrest to improve relations with them. They hope this approach will lead to the isolation of Britain and German domination of Europe.

January 1906: The Tokyo riots in the wake of the end of the Russo-Japanese War have fatally weakened the government of Prime Minister Katsura Tarō, forcing his resignation. Saionji Kinmochi, well known for his strong commitment to liberal parliamentary democracy and reducing the influence of the militate in government is selected as his replacement. In one of his first acts, he orders the salvage a refitting of sunk and captured Russian warships halted. Instead the ships are to be sold for scrap, with the funds used to build newer modern warships, beginning with three new light cruisers to replace losses in the Russo-Japanese War.

January 1906: With the support steadily declining, the Irish Parliamentary Coalition accepts the future of Irish home rule lies with the ongoing process of devolution in Britain. They therefore amalgamate with the Federalist Party, increasing its representation to 88 MPs.

January 1906: Brazilian aviation pioneer Alberto Santos-Dumont demonstrates his latest aircraft, the No. 20 Criança. A single seat aircraft capable of speeds of up to 90kph and staying aloft for twenty minutes, the Criança shows the best performance of any aircraft to date and attracts a great deal of attention throughout Europe and the US.

January 1906: The proposed Grey-Morley Reforms in India have met with a great deal of resistance both from the anti-Imperial Indian National Association and many of the local rulers of the theoretically independent Princely States, though the proposals still have the support of the Indian National Congress. The creation of the new State of Rajaputana is particularly controversial, with many Indian Princes seeing it as the first step in removing their authority over local affairs. In an effort to move the proposed reforms along, the Viceroy Lord Grey begins threatening to depose Princes who continue to oppose the reforms, going as far as actually removing the Maharajah of Udaipur for his obstructionism and ties to the INA. While the INC continues to support the reforms, the movement becomes split over the use of such strong arm tactics, with their employment also increasing support for the INA.

February 1906: Support for cricket has continued to decline in North America. While it is still holding its ground in the Canadian Maritime Provinces and areas around Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto, play has essentially been reduced to the city of Philadelphia in the US, though the Philadelphia Cricket Team has produced some of the world's finest players of the era including John 'Bart' King, regarded as possibly the greatest bowler in the game's history to that point. In a effort halt the decline the North American Cricket Board is formed in the US and Canada. In an effort to aid the hoped for revival, an All-Empire team tours the region, with tests in Philadelphia, Boston, Toronto and Montreal. The tour will provoke a small revival in the US, with the popularity of the game growing the New England region, along with the states of New Jersey and Pennsylvania.

February 1906: French naval architect Léon Lyasse, working with Eustace d'Eyncourt finalises the design of the new French class of battleship. With three to be ordered this year and another three next, the Danton class will displace 19,000 tons and introduce numerous new features to French warships, including all big gun armament, small water tube boilers and turbine propulsion. Armed with six 12” guns in twin turrets fore and aft, with two singles amidships, eight 7.6” secondaries and protected by a 10” belt. While their turbine engines and boilers give them a speed of 20 knots. Unfortunately the Danton's advanced machinery will prove unreliable in service, with heavy fuel consumption limiting their range. While featuring an 'all big armament' they are general not considered dreadnoughts due to their limited broadside of five guns.

February 1906: With stability now returning to China, Xianfa Grand Chancellor Tan Sitong announces his goal to transform Xianfa China into a modern industrial state within twenty years. He sets as the first priority education, with the goal of reducing illiteracy by half within ten years and eliminating it within twenty five. He also commits to eliminating China's endemic government corruption as part of this program. While many will criticise the focus of his program, calling instead for rapid industrial development, he begins with the introduction of a series of harsh anti corruption laws along with compulsory education until the age of nine.

February 1906: The Russo-Japanese War has highlighted numerous failings with the Japanese Type 30 service rifle. Under the direction of firearms designer Nambu Kijirō, the Type 30 has been redesigned to rectify these shortcomings. The new Type 38 is a simplified development of the original Type 30 and will be a significant improvement over its predecessor, serving as the basis for all future Japanese military rifles.

February 1906: Despite being aware of the value of machine guns for many years, the French army currently has less than 250 in inventory, with all being allocated to either colonial or specialist troops due to an instance on adopting a weapon designed by a state arsenal. The product of that process, the Mitrailleuse Modèle 1905 dit “Mitrailleuse Puteaux” has proved a dismal failure. While the army wish to continue developing the Puteaux in an effort to correct its many faults, the Emperor argues for the immediate adoption of a proven design, arguing the recent Tangier Crisis has clearly demonstrated the need to have weapons available now. Eventually with the recent Chinese Civil and Russo-Japanese Wars having highlighted the role of machine guns in modern warfare, his argument wins out and the Hotchkiss Model 1900 is adopted as the Mitrailleuse Modèle 1906 dit “Mitrailleuse Hotchkiss” with two guns per infantry battalion or cavalry regiment.

March 1906: The first elections are held for the Russian Duma. The elections are boycotted by the more radical left wing groups, resulting in the Duma being dominated by moderate middle class interests. With the Duma scheduled to meet for the first time in April, many hope they will be able to resume the process of reform abandoned with the death of Tsar Alexander II.

March 1906: Senior Danish and Norwegian officials meet in Copenhagen to continue discussions regarding security cooperation. Both sides recognised while individually they lack the population to support a significant domestic arms industry, their combined population of over five million would allow such an industry to be established. This brings agreement to form a permanent joint committee to coordinate military procurement and foster the development of a combined arms industry serving both nations.

March 1906: As expected Home Secretary Charles Dilke's Parliament Bill has provoked huge opposition in the House of Lords. Despite having been passed twice by the Commons it has on both occasions been rejected by the Lords, creating a constitutional crisis in Britain. Needing to resolve the crisis, Chamberlain obtains the agreement of King Edward VII to create as many Liberal peers as are required to pass the legislation, with the sole proviso that Chamberlain goes to the polls to obtain a clear mandate for such reform. As a result, the Liberal government again resigns triggering the third general election since 1904.

March 1906: The US Congress firmly rejects the introduction of the second round of tariff reductions with Canada from the Gresham-Johnson Treaty of 1893, The continual failure of Canadian Wilfred Laurier to achieve any progress on free trade, combined with growing hostility over US fishermen aggressively accessing Canadian fisheries is steadily undermining his government's support.

March 1906: Since the attempted republican coup in 1889, Brazil changed dramatically. The reforms of Afonso Celso and Joaquim Nabuco have created a growing liberal middle class along with an increasingly literate working class, with 45% of population now able to read and write. While Empress Isabel's opposition to more radical reform was a critical factor in the fall of both Celso and Nabuco, her discreet support for reform has been vital in preserving the political stability. Current Prime Minister Afonso Pena's program of industrialisation is also beginning to show results, with Brazil's industrial sector showing sustained grow. While the old land holding oligarchs still retain a great deal of influence, the process of gradual reform has ended their absolute control of Brazilian politics. In this new democratic environment, the scheduled 1906 elections see an orderly transition of government, as Prime Minister Pena's centrist Popular Party is defeated by Rodrigues Alves Conservative Party, with the left leaning Liberal Party of Gumercindo Saravia in third place.
 
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The House of Lords continues to be an obstacle which cannot seem to be removed. With the current direction of things I would not be surprised if it is abolished altogether.
 
I assume federal party gaining power is good for uniting the empire?
Yes and no, see below
I would think it’s mostly good for keeping Ireland within the empire, but it does show a larger positive attitude towards the empire (hard to find in Ireland ofc) so it def means good things for other nations
Both these are true, but also a double edged sword. n a very real way, the success of the Imperial Federation ITTL is a result of trying to head off calls for Irish home rule by Unionists such as Chamberlain. However this will lead to problems with the autonomy being granted to the five Home Nations (England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Ulster) being considerably less than that held by the Dominions. Sooner or later, probably sooner, the Federalists in Britain will inevitably demand the same level of autonomy. Just one of the two rapidly approaching crises which the Empire is about to face. Though the first (Canada's obstruction in the 1905 Imperial Conference) has already appeared.
 
Hmm maybe introduce a rule that in it passes twice in the commons but rejected both times in the lords it goes to the Privy for review and approval .
 
Hmm earlier development of mechanized forces is going to be a major bonus though given the cost and issues and the British army being usually strapped for cash I have to wonder what prompted it adding to this there is technical issues as well? Though before anything I imagine they would look into the logistic uses of trucks and cars before a combat role, the great war did a video on this it should help some what.


The entire Imperial military establishment is far more 'progressive' ITTL than the OTL, they are far more willing to experiment and adopt new ideas.
 
Yes and no, see below
Both these are true, but also a double edged sword. n a very real way, the success of the Imperial Federation ITTL is a result of trying to head off calls for Irish home rule by Unionists such as Chamberlain. However this will lead to problems with the autonomy being granted to the five Home Nations (England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Ulster) being considerably less than that held by the Dominions. Sooner or later, probably sooner, the Federalists in Britain will inevitably demand the same level of autonomy. Just one of the two rapidly approaching crises which the Empire is about to face. Though the first (Canada's obstruction in the 1905 Imperial Conference) has already appeared.
Could this also lead to a similar devolution movement in the dominions of it bears any fruit in the home isles?
 
The House of Lords continues to be an obstacle which cannot seem to be removed. With the current direction of things I would not be surprised if it is abolished altogether.
Certainly a VERY large faction in the dominant Liberal-Federalist government lead by Home Secretary Charles Dilke who would be pushing for it. The break on this is Chamberlain who is far less radical.
Hmm maybe introduce a rule that in it passes twice in the commons but rejected both times in the lords it goes to the Privy for review and approval .
Interesting variation on the OTL solution adopted. I had gone pretty much with the OTL solution, but I'll revisit it,
 
By the way, for those who don't know who he is, I find Charles Dilke to be one of the more interesting 'what-if' personalities of the OTL. More radical than even Campbell-Bannerman, he was one the rising stars in the Liberal Party until his political career was ruined by a scandal in 1885. ITTL, the scandal did hit, but due to various butterflies, he was able able ride it out. So while his career was damaged and his rise slowed, he wasn't ruined and is now a prominent figure in the current government. In a very large part, his avoiding the Crawford Scandal along with Chamberlain not breaking with the Liberals over Ireland are what have driven the shift of British politics to its far more radical, almost socialist, position ITTL.


February 1886: Prominent Liberal MP Charles Dilke is named as co-respondent in fellow Liberal MP Donald Crawford's divorce case. Crawford's wife Virginia does not appear in court and the only evidence is her husband's testimony reporting her alleged confession. The court finds there is no evidence to support Dilke as co-respondent but grants Crawford a decree nisi regardless, leaving Dilke's 'respectability' in question, with the journalist Thomas Stead questioning his ethics in a series of articles. Though he desires to attempt to clear his name by opposing the decree absolute, Charles Russell, his legal counsel, advises against it and he remains silent. While the scandal is temporarily damaging to his political career, it will recover within a few years.

The change here is that his OTL legal counsel (who's name has slipped my mind) was doing something else due to the butterflies so was replaced by Charles Russell who unlike his counsel in the OTL advised him to keep his mouth shut, resulting in him riding it out
 
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Ahhh found the missing part of how Dilke avoided ruining his career. In the OTL his legal counsel was Henry James. But ITTL he's off in New Zeeland representing the British government on a panel examining Maori land grievances, hence Dilke was represented ITTL by Charles Russell. Thus he didn't challenge the initial ruling. So while his career was damaged, it wasn't fatal, allowing for him to come back later, A definite example of a small change having large flow on effects IMO.

August 1885: The three man panel created under the Gorst-Stout Agreement begins holding hearings throughout New Zealand regarding Māori land grievances. The panel is headed by prominent US jurist and former Solicitor General, Benjamin Bristow. It is hoped that Bristow, noted for his advocacy of African-American civil rights, will considerably add to panel's legitimacy. The British member is former Attorney General Henry James, while Walter Reid, New Zealand's Solicitor General completes the panel. While only six weeks is allowed for the gathering of evidence, many Māori have taken the time since the Gorst-Stout Agreement to prepare, allowing for an unexpectedly high number of submissions. There are frequent attempts by Māori to raise matters originating after 1863. These consistently rebuffed by the panel, basically leaving only the activities of the defunct New Zealand Company and the events of the First Taranaki War for consideration. The panel will delivery it's report to the Privy Council in February 1886.
 
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Yes and no, see below

Could this also lead to a similar devolution movement in the dominions of it bears any fruit in the home isles?
Just had an interesting thought. One possibility I'd never considered before is the potential that the creation of the Imperial Commonwealth could lead to the dissolution of the federal Dominions (Australia, Canada, and South Africa) and the United Kingdom. The way the CW is evolving the constitutional convention is going to be: decisions by conscencous as far as as possible. But when not, one vote per full member to resolve matters, with a simple majority for most things and two thirds majority when it comes to foreign policy. (This will be the Brisbane Doctrine established in 1909).

Currently there are ten full members, the Dominions of Australia, Canada, Cape Colony, Fiji, Natal, Newfoundland, New Zealand, Orange River Colony, and Transvaal, plus United Kingdom of Britain ,though the Cape, Natal, Orange River and Transvaal will unify into South Africa bringing it down to seven. Fiji is an oddity, it's the only non white full member. That's because it was meant to become part of Australia as was New Zealand.

At the moment it seems likely India will be broken into fourteen separate full members when it's granted Dominion status. Giving India a full two thirds majority. So I could see there being a push to break up Britain and the federal Dominions into their constituent parts when India comes in. This would five Home Nations, six Australian States, nine Canadian Provinces, fourteen Indian States, four South African Provinces, plus Fiji, Newfoundland, and New Zealand. This would give twenty six white full members to counter the fifteen non white full members. Not a two thirds majority, but a very clear simple majority. Could even see people looking for four extra white full members to give a two thirds majority. Gotta love racism lol.
 
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Just had an interesting thought. One possibility I'd never considered before is the potential that the creation of the Imperial Commonwealth could lead to the dissolution of the federal Dominions (Australia, Canada, and South Africa) and the United Kingdom. The way the CW is evolving the constitutional conversation is going to be: decisions by conscencous as far as as possible. But when not, one vote per full member to resolve matters, with a simple majority for most things and two thirds majority when it comes to foreign policy. (This will be the Brisbane Doctrine established in 1909).

Currently there are ten full members, the Dominions of Australia, Canada, Cape Colony, Fiji, Natal, Newfoundland, New Zealand, Orange River Colony, and Transvaal, plus United Kingdom of Britain ,though the Cape, Natal, Orange River and Transvaal will unify into South Africa bringing it down to seven. Fiji is an oddity, it's the only non white full member. That's because it was meant to become part of Australia as was New Zealand.

At the moment it seems likely India will be broken into fourteen separate full members when it's granted Dominion status. Giving India a full two thirds majority. So I could see there being a push to break up Britain and the federal Dominions into their constituent parts when India comes in. This would five Home Nations, six Australian States, nine Canadian Provinces, fourteen Indian States, four South African Provinces, plus Fiji, Newfoundland, and New Zealand. This would give twenty six white full members to counter the fifteen non white full members. Not a two thirds majority, but a very clear simple majority. Could even see people looking for four extra white full members to give a two thirds majority. Gotta love racism lol.
More thoughts on this. If this path is followed (which as I think on it, seems distressingly likely) it will entrench racist white rule in South Africa. Plus if they do go for bringing in four extra white dominions to give a two thirds majority, they'd have to have to have the same kind of racist systems from the get go. Because as far as I can see, other than maybe Gibraltar, the only possible candidates would be the colonies such as Southern Rhodesia, Kenya etc which have attracted 'significant' numbers of white settlers (Significant here being a somewhat flexible term haha). Thus these would require some kind of racist system of government, potentially more extreme even.
 
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More thoughts on this. If this path is followed (which as I think on it, seems distressingly likely) it will entrench racist white rule in South Africa. Plus if they do go for bringing in four extra white dominions to give a two thirds majority, they'd have to have to have the same kind of racist systems from the get go. Because as far as I can see, other than maybe Gibraltar, the only possible candidates would be the colonies such as Southern Rhodesia, Kenya etc which have attracted 'significant' numbers of white settlers (Significant here being a somewhat flexible term haha). Thus these would require some kind of racist system of government, potentially more extreme even.
Well that’s certainly worrying. It also does sound like a distinct possibility. On the other hand, we could see a push by India and Fiji for there to be other African dominions be incorporated with voting rights. Seeing as these have such a small white minority it would be ludicrous to suggest minority rule. Perhaps there could be a power sharing agreement where there is half white dominions/provinces and non-white. This would also force them to have mixed votes if a two-thirds and outright majority is needed on votes.

I don’t see this as impossible considering the current direction the country is headed in.
 
Interesting variation on the OTL solution adopted. I had gone pretty much with the OTL solution, but I'll revisit it,
Mostly thinking there needs to be some sort of check so tye commons can't pass bills without the proper scrutiny.

Also in theory the crown is supposed to be impartial I could see both the opposition and the govt trading on this
 
Well that’s certainly worrying. It also does sound like a distinct possibility. On the other hand, we could see a push by India and Fiji for there to be other African dominions be incorporated with voting rights. Seeing as these have such a small white minority it would be ludicrous to suggest minority rule. Perhaps there could be a power sharing agreement where there is half white dominions/provinces and non-white. This would also force them to have mixed votes if a two-thirds and outright majority is needed on votes.

I don’t see this as impossible considering the current direction the country is headed in.
I've been giving this some though t over the last hour or two since the issue occurred to me and done some quick and dirty 'research.' I very much hesitate to attach the word to research to maybe an hour spent googling but it has given me a basis to work from. While there is a growing recognition of the inevitability of some form of Indian self-rule in the British political establishment even in1906 ITTL (the proposed Grey-Morley reforms mentioned in the latest chapter are a result of this awareness). Any understanding of the fact that keeping India in the Commonwealth will require giving them a say in Imperial affairs which at least approaches full membership isn't likely to arise for at least a decade or two (in 1906 even the most progressive members of the British political establishment would be horrified at anything other than Anglo-Indian observers appointed by the Viceroy at Imperial Conferences). So this won't come up until the 1920s.

Looking at it then, there are really not many places where new white Dominions could be created. The only places where the white population will hit even 5% are Southern Rhodesia, the British West Indies and possibly Malaya (though I'm dubious of that last one). And that's after taking into account two significant factors which will increase the white populations in the colonies ITTL (see below). Now in the OTL, while Southern Rhodesia was never formally granted Dominion status, to all intents an purposes it was one. It was granted responsible government at the same level (albeit white only), attended all Imperial Conferences once they had responsible government as a full participant and was included in all Imperial institutions equally with the Dominions after. And the white population there never grew above 8% (it will go higher ITTL but no more than the 10-15% range). So given that example Southern Rhodesia, along with maybe Jamaica, British Guiana and Trinidad and Tobago. But all would be racist on a par with South Africa, with the attendant issues further down the line.

There is however one other option I came up with to create new white member of the CW. Several of the existing potential full members could potentially be split into two new members. In Britain itself, England itself could be spit north/south, calls for which could even naturally arise in the process of devolution already occuring ITTL. In Canada the area around Montreal could be split from Quebec, though this will inevitable mean facing the issue of anti Quebecios racism sooner than the OTL. I did consider the potential of splitting Ontario, but don't have enough information to say if its reasonable at the moment. In Australia both New South Wales and Victoria could potentially be split. And finally, New Zealand could be split into North Island and South Island. However all these potential splits appear to me even less likely than creating new racist white Dominions. The only two I see could realistically be justified are splitting off North England and possibly Montreal from Quebec. But even that I think is stretching it.

* The two factors are firstly there are more British and Dominion settlers moving to the colonies ITTL due to increased Imperial investment. And secondly, part of that increased investment is the 'cynically opportunistic' policy (and I think I'm being polite calling it that) of using the endemic persecution of the Jewish minorities in Europe to encourage their migration to the colonies (something very likely to increase significantly post Great War as people blame 'the usual suspects' due to the the massive trauma of its horrors). This policy is a deliberate attempt to create an educated non-indigenous minorities instead of education the local population. The stated reason would be it's faster and cheaper due to their cultural background combined with they already have the education required. The unstated reason is it creates an alien minority who's position is dependent on remaining part of the Empire, thus giving them a strong motivation to support it.
 
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