First of all, the Swedish navy never was at Fårösund. The intelligence von Essen got was faulty. At the time, Kustflottan was conducting exercises in the sourthern part of the Stockholm Archipelago. At Fårösund von Essen will sink maybe two 3rd class torpedo boats and a few fishing vessels. Fårösund has never been a major naval base and cannot sustain the Swedish navy.
On the other hand, von Essen sent a destroyer squadrong to mine the aproaches in the southern part of the Stockholm archipelago - they might run into the full Swedish fleet.
Sweden at the time had 6 line, 6 reserve and 1 cavalry division, plus a strong Landstorm. In total about 370 000 men. There were also dedicated units to defend Gotland and the great fortress at Boden. During exercises 1912 both German and Russian observers commented on the high standard of training, the new Bofors 105mm howitzers and the competence of Swedish officers.
Cavalry
In 1914, Sweden raised 50 squadrons of cavalry (of which 8 were depot/training/field replacement squadrons).
Each of the line divisions had one cavalry regiment of 4 squadrons each for a total och 24 squadrons. A further 2 squadrons were for the garrison of the fortress city of Boden.
The cavalry division had 16 squadrons in 2 brigades of 2 regiments each.
Cavalry regiment
4 squadrons of cavalry
1 MG platoon (2 MGs)
Cavalry squadron
120 combat men + 15 others
Swedish cavalry trained sabre chocks until 1942 and de-horsed totally in 1967, but started to convert to a recoinnasance role in 1936. At the time of ww1, this process had yet to start. All Swedish cavalrymen were equipped with sabre, revolver (switched to pistol during the war) and 6,5mm mauser bolt-action carbine. There were no lances and no cuirasses. De-horsing and fighting on foot WAS trained, but not focused upon.
It seems like the cavalry, like the infantry had all NCOs and officers permanently employed and the conscripted men trained for 365 days. This was increased with a further 100 days after 1914. However, training focused a lot on drill and formal moments (this seems to have been the case with many nations in 1914 though) and little on mission-related training. Conscription did not start until 1901 though, and a lot of employed specialists and even normal soldiers remained in the organisation until they retired, giving the cavalry a higher % of volunteers or employed men than the infantry.
Infantry
When conscription was introduced fully (1901), the infantry was drilled and trained for 240 days. From 1914 and onwards, all infantry would train 365 days like the cavalry, artillery and navy. All would also have at least 100 days of extra training due to the partial mobilisation.
1909 this equipment was ordered:
Every second man - a spade. Every squad - one saw and four axes. Every platoon - one wire cutter. For the rifle 100 shots.
Decently well-trained and equipped by the standards of the day. The Germans expressed favourable opinions of the Swedish army when observing exercises (like at Falköping 1912). Cadaver discipline was used, but probably quite a bit lower than in the German army. Officers, NCOs and men usually camped together, ate the same food and shared the same burdens. Officers, NCOs and men where trained at the same time. Regiments were local and drew men locally (only the garrison of Boden and Gotland drew men from other parts of the country). Conscript NCOs were very common and even conscript officers were not unheard of. There were still a large sprinkling of professionals from before the 1901 introduction of conscription, especially among specialists. MGs were few and I have not heard of hand grenades being used before 1914.
Planes
Sweden had 5xFarman HF 22 and 6xBleriot XI before the war.
Artillery
Sweden had;
338x75mm field guns
204x84mm field guns (old from 1881 without recoil system)
~50x105mm howitzers (modern bofors design)
? (probably around 30)x120mm field guns (old from 1885 without recoil system)
56x150mm howitzers (modern krupp design)
The organisation of a Swedish line division.
Divisions are named I. to VI. Arméfördelningen.
2 infantry brigades
-2 infantry regiments
--3 infantry battalions and 1 MG company (with 6xMGs)
1 cavalry regiment
-2 cavalry battalions
--2 cavalry squadrons and 1 cavalry MG platoon (with 2xMGs)
1 artillery regiment
-3 light field artillery battalions (each with 12x75mm field guns) and 1 field howitzer battalion (with 8x105mm field howitzers)
1 field engineer company
1 bridging column
1 field telegraph company
Organisation of a Swedish reserve division.
Reserve divisions are named XI. to XVI. Arméfördelningen.
2 reserve infantry brigades
-2 reserve infantry regiments
--3 infantry battalions and 1 MG company (with 6xMGs)
1 reserve cavalry battalion
-2 cavalry squadrons
1 reserve artillery regiment
-3 light field artillery battalions (each with 12x75mm field guns)
1 field engineer company
1 bridging column
1 field telegraph company
Organisation of the Swedish cavalry division.
The cavalry division is named Kavallerifördelningen.
2 cavalry brigades
-2 cavalry regiments
--4 cavalry squadrons, 1 MG platoon (with 2xMGs)
1 riding artillery battalion (12x75mm field guns)
Landstormen
Landstormen consisted of battalions and regiments and usually manned the older artillery. They lacked operational and strategic moblity and was used for border and coast defence, usually in prepared fortificatons. They had no MGs in 1914. They consisted of the older conscripts (35-42 year olds) that had military training but was discharged from their field units.
Boden's Garrison
The fortress city of Boden had;
In armoured, fully rotating turrets:
8x15cm howitzers
12x12cm cannons
20x8,4cm cannons
Point defence:
4x8,4cm cannons
36x6cm cannons
In dug in permanent positions:
14x8,4cm cannons
Five heavy forts and many smaller stood in a ring around the city, protecting the railroad to Kiruna and Narvik. The Russians cannot attack from Finland without dealing with Boden.
The garrison had one infantry regiment, two field artillery battalions and one engineer regiment as well.
Gotland's Garrison
Gotland had one infantry regiment and one field artillery battalion plus the local Landstorm and some smaller fortifications.
